Dickinsons use of synecdoche is yet another version. The gun, and later Mount Vesuvius, represent the anger that builds up inside ones mind and heart until it can be contained no longer. As was common for young women of the middle class, the scant formal schooling they received in the academies for young ladies provided them with a momentary autonomy. With this gesture she placed herself in the ranks of young contributor, offering him a sample of her work, hoping for its acceptance. Im Nobody! She implies in the text that the gun can kill but cannot be killed. Dickinson found herself interested in both. They are highly changeable and include pleasure and excuse from pain. This poem speaks on the pleasures of being unknown, alone and unbothered by the world at large. If one has to look a little harder, then in the end the reward will be greater when the truth is made clear. Poems that serve as letters to the world. walked to the terminal and rode back to Amherst. She visualizes a sense of continuity in the universe. As the relationship with Susan Dickinson wavered, other aspects in Dickinsons life were just coming to the fore. The 19th-century Christians of Calvinist persuasion continued to maintain the absolute power of Gods election. The Fathoms they abide -. As Carroll Smith-Rosenberg has illustrated inDisorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America(1985), female friendships in the 19th century were often passionate. She uses human nature and normal, everyday human emotions and fears to write a story. Whether comforting Mary Bowles on a stillbirth, remembering the death of a friends wife, or consoling her cousins Frances and Louise Norcross after their mothers death, her words sought to accomplish the impossible. Need a transcript of this episode? In one line the woman is BornBridalledShrouded. Because I could not stop for death, Dickinsons best-known poem, is a depiction of one speakers journey into the afterlife with personified Death leading the way. It is loose in the world, wreaking havoc. I guess . It decidedly asks for his estimate; yet, at the same time it couches the request in terms far different from the vocabulary of the literary marketplace: Are you too deeply occupied to say if my Verse is alive? The bird asks for nothing. At the academy she developed a group of close friends within and against whom she defined her self and its written expression. She will choose escape. A decade earlier, the choice had been as apparent. Emily Dickinson's writing was influenced by her higher education and close friends that lead her poems to be unconventional and unstructured. Poems covered in the Educational Syllabus. She began with a discussion of union but implied that its conventional connection with marriage was not her meaning. In 1855 after one such visit, the sisters stopped in Philadelphia on their return to Amherst. The letters grow more cryptic, aphorism defining the distance between them. The statement that says is is invariably the statement that articulates a comparison. Dickinsons question frames the decade. When she wrote to him, she wrote primarily to his wife. 'The last Night that She lived' by Emily Dickinson is a poem about the emotions death brings up in those observing. She struggled with her vision in her thirties. The final lines of her poems might well be defined by their inconclusiveness: the I guess of Youre right - the wayisnarrow; a direct statement of slippageand then - it doesnt stayin I prayed, at first, a little Girl. Dickinsons endings are frequently open. While the authors were here defined by their inaccessibility, the allusions in Dickinsons letters and poems suggest just how vividly she imagined her words in conversation with others. While it liberated the individual, it as readily left him ungrounded. In the same letter to Higginson in which she eschews publication, she also asserts her identity as a poet. It is skillfully used as a metaphor to depict passion and desire. Request a transcript here. Confronting and coping with uncharted terrains through poetry. Dickinsons poems were rarely restricted to her eyes alone. Such thoughts did not belong to the poems alone. My dying Tutor told me that he would like to live till I had been a poet. In all likelihood the tutor is Ben Newton, the lawyer who had given her EmersonsPoems. If Dickinson began her letters as a kind of literary apprenticeship, using them to hone her skills of expression, she turned practice into performance. She asks her reader to complete the connection her words only implyto round out the context from which the allusion is taken, to take the part and imagine a whole. The categories Mary Lyon used at Mount Holyoke (established Christians, without hope, and with hope) were the standard of the revivalist. Revivals guaranteed that both would be inescapable. The poem was composed when Dickinson had attained the peak of her writing . Though this poem is about nature, it has a deep religious connotation that science cannot explain. The gun is a powerful and moving image in this poem that has made the text one of Dickinson's most commonly studied. By Emily Dickinsons account, she delighted in all aspects of the schoolthe curriculum, the teachers, the students. Her approach forged a particular kind of connection. While the emphasis on the outer limits of emotion may well be the most familiar form of the Dickinsonian extreme, it is not the only one. Unlike Christs counsel to the young man, however, Dickinsons images turn decidedly secular. Introduction: Love is the most recurring emotional theme in Emily Dickinson poetry. Tracing the fight for equality and womens rights through poetry. Death appears as a real being. She frequently represents herself as essential to her fathers contentment. Her reply, in turn, piques the later readers curiosity. It is at peace, and is, therefore, able to impart the same hope and peace to the speaker. There were also the losses through marriage and the mirror of loss, departure from Amherst. The daily rounds of receiving and paying visits were deemed essential to social standing. Dickinsons metaphors observe no firm distinction between tenor and vehicle. As she commented to Higginson in 1862, My Business is Circumference. She adapted that phrase to two other endings, both of which reinforced the expansiveness she envisioned for her work. Thus, the time at school was a time of intellectual challenge and relative freedom for girls, especially in an academy such as Amherst, which prided itself on its progressive understanding of education. As Dickinsons experience taught her, household duties were anathema to other activities. Known at school as a wit, she put a sharp edge on her sweetest remarks. Although little is known of their early relations, the letters written to Gilbert while she was teaching at Baltimore speak with a kind of hope for a shared perspective, if not a shared vocation. His marriage to Susan Gilbert brought a new sister into the family, one with whom Dickinson felt she had much in common. Part and parcel of the curriculum were weekly sessions with Lyon in which religious questions were examined and the state of the students faith assessed. Rather, that bond belongs to another relationship, one that clearly she broached with Gilbert. On the eve of her departure, Amherst was in the midst of a religious revival. In her scheme of redemption, salvation depended upon freedom. Opposition frames the system of meaning in Dickinsons poetry: the reader knows what is, by what is not. With both men Dickinson forwarded a lively correspondence. Although Dickinson undoubtedly esteemed him while she was a student, her response to his unexpected death in 1850 clearly suggests her growing poetic interest. Many of the schools, like Amherst Academy, required full-day attendance, and thus domestic duties were subordinated to academic ones. The wife poems of the 1860s reflect this ambivalence. Little wonder that the words of another poem bound the womans life by the wedding. . Edward Dickinsons prominence meant a tacit support within the private sphere. Her brother, William Austin Dickinson, had preceded her by a year and a half. Dickinsons comments on herself as poet invariably implied a widespread audience. The Stillness in the Room. That emphasis reappeared in Dickinsons poems and letters through her fascination with naming, her skilled observation and cultivation of flowers, her carefully wrought descriptions of plants, and her interest in chemic force. Those interests, however, rarely celebrated science in the same spirit as the teachers advocated. She described personae of her poems as disobedient children and youthful debauchees. Every single person that visits Poem Analysis has helped contribute, so thank you for your support. Extending the contrast between herself and her friends, she described but did not specify an aim to her life. Dickinsons departure from Mount Holyoke marked the end of her formal schooling. The speaker explores their beliefs about both and how they contrast with others. Dickinson never married but became solely responsible for the family household. As was common, Dickinson left the academy at the age of 15 in order to pursue a higher, and for women, final, level of education. It reveals her disdain for publicity and her preference for privacy. Going through 11 editions in less than two years, the poems eventually extended far beyond their first household audiences. Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, on December 10, 1830 to Edward and Emily (Norcross) Dickinson. While this definition fit well with the science practiced by natural historians such as Hitchcock and Lincoln, it also articulates the poetic theory then being formed by a writer with whom Dickinsons name was often later linked. To the Hollands she wrote, Mybusiness is to love. Franny and Danez talk with the brilliant poet and musician about how shes always thrived in the mystery, what she has learned On brush, old doors, and other poetic materials. Did she identify her poems as apt candidates for inclusion in the Portfolio pages of newspapers, or did she always imagine a different kind of circulation for her writing? Emily Dickinson's Poetry Analysis Topic: Literature Words: 608 Pages: 2 Nov 21st, 2021 Emily Dickinson was a famous American poet. Emily Dickinson was a prolific gardener. Emily Dickinson is a poet who was born in 1830 and died in 1886. pages and envelopes, the backs of grocery bills, She dared to rhyme with words like cochineal, Obscurely worded incantations filled the room. Distrust, however, extended only to certain types. All three children attended the one-room primary school in Amherst and then moved on to Amherst Academy, the school out of which Amherst College had grown. He takes the speaker by the hand a guides her on a carriage ride into the afterlife. Savoring the rich poetic gifts of summer. Several of Dickinsons letters stand behind this speculation, as does one of the few pieces of surviving correspondence with Gilbert from 1861their discussion and disagreement over the second stanza of Dickinsons Safe in their Alabaster Chambers. Writing to Gilbert in 1851, Dickinson imagined that their books would one day keep company with the poets. Higginsons response is not extant. She is not a blind follower of Christianity. The speaker depicts the slipping away of her sanity through the image of mourners wandering around in her head. To each she sent many poems, and seven of those poems were printed in the paperSic transit gloria mundi, Nobody knows this little rose, I Taste a liquor never brewed, Safe in their Alabaster Chambers, Flowers Well if anybody, Blazing in gold and quenching in purple, and A narrow fellow in the grass. The language in Dickinsons letters to Bowles is similar to the passionate language of her letters to Susan Gilbert Dickinson. Fairer through Fading as the Day by Emily Dickinson describes the sun and the value of all things. Believe me, be what it may, you have all my sympathy, and my constant, earnest prayers. Whether her letter to him has in fact survived is not clear. Behind her school botanical studies lay a popular text in common use at female seminaries. The poem begins, Publication - is the Auction / Of the Mind of Man and ends by returning its reader to the image of the opening: But reduce no Human Spirit / To Disgrace of Price -. To gauge the extent of Dickinsons rebellion, consideration must be taken of the nature of church membership at the time as well as the attitudes toward revivalist fervor. In each she hoped to find an answering spirit, and from each she settled on different conclusions. Dickinson frequently builds her poems around this trope of change. It focuses on the actions of a bird going about its everyday life. This piece is slightly more straightforward than some of Emily Dickinsons more complicated verses. Between hosting distinguished visitors (Emerson among them), presiding over various dinners, and mothering three children, Susan Dickinsons dear fancy was far from Dickinsons. It includes mysterious images of fairy men, glowing lights in the woods, and the murmuring of trees. In "Title Divine is Mine," the female speaker rejects traditional marriage because she has . slam/performance poetry. In many cases the poems were written for her. Regardless of outward behavior, however, Susan Dickinson remained a center to Dickinsons circumference. Is it time to expand our idea of the poetry book? But unlike their Puritan predecessors, the members of this generation moved with greater freedom between the latter two categories. Even the circumferencethe image that Dickinson returned to many times in her poetryis a boundary that suggests boundlessness. Enrolled at Amherst Academy while Dickinson was at Mount Holyoke, Sue was gradually included in the Dickinson circle of friends by way of her sister Martha. Analyzes how dickinson wrote regularly, finding her voice and settling into a particular style of poem, proving that men were not the only ones capable of crafting intelligent, intriguing poetry. Perhaps her unfulfilled emotional life made her understand the magnitude of love and meaning more intensely than any other poet. For Dickinson, nature is not static but a dynamic phenomenon. The Dickinson household was memorably affected. Emily Norcross Dickinsons church membership dated from 1831, a few months after Emilys birth. Edited by Thomas H. Johnson, the poems still bore the editorial hand of Todd and Higginson. Amy Clampitt's poetry career began late, but as a new biography attests, she was always a writer of deep ambition and erotic intensity. Austin was sent to Williston Seminary in 1842; Emily and Vinnie continued at Amherst Academy. He also returned his family to the Homestead. Request a transcript here. The second letter in particular speaks of affliction through sharply expressed pain. Renewal by decay is nature's principle. Slightly complicating a truth will make it more interesting to a reader or listener. She readThomas Carlyle, Charles Darwin, andMatthew Arnold. I will tell you why she rarely ventured from her house. A poem built from biblical quotations, it undermines their certainty through both rhythm and image. In the first stanza Dickinson breaks lines one and three with her asides to the implied listener. Summary Read our full plot summary and analysis of Dickinson's Poetry , scene by scene break-downs, and more. Dickinson's rejection of the traditional doctrine influenced her negative views of "traditional" marriage, which subjugated women to her husband's will. In an early poem, she chastised science for its prying interests. S he compares in order to portray the depression. 20 year old dark haired beauties found their heads, Her second poem erased the memory of every cellphone, and by the fourth line of the sixth verse, the grandmother in the upstairs apartment, The area hospitals taxed their emergency generators. By the time of Emilys early childhood, there were three children in the household. In a letter toAtlantic Monthlyeditor James T. Fields, Higginson complained about the response to his article: I foresee that Young Contributors will send me worse things than ever now. It appears in the structure of her declaration to Higginson; it is integral to the structure and subjects of the poems themselves. Or first Prospective - Or the Gold This lesson uses a Google Slides format to engage students in a study of Emily Dickinson's poetry. As Dickinson wrote to her friend Jane Humphrey in 1850, I am standing alone in rebellion. The most astonishing example of startling and thought-provoking moments of Dickinson's poetry comes in "The Sould Has Bandaged Moments," where the poet's two extremes of human emotion are dealt with in one poem; despair and joy. God keep me from what they callhouseholds, she exclaimed in a letter to Root in 1850. As God communicates directly with that person. Edward Dickinsons reputation as a domineering individual in private and public affairs suggests that his decision may have stemmed from his desire to keep this particular daughter at home. After her death, her sister Lavinia discovered a collection of almost 1800 poems amongst her possessions. In her rebellion letter to Humphrey, she wrote, How lonely this world is growing, something so desolate creeps over the spirit and we dont know its name, and it wont go away, either Heaven is seeming greater, or Earth a great deal more small, or God is more Our Father, and we feel our need increased. Abby, Mary, Jane, and farthest of all my Vinnie have been seeking, and they all believe they have found; I cant tell youwhatthey have found, buttheythink it is something precious. Lastly, there are sleep and death. His emphasis was clear from the titles of his books, like Religious Truth Illustrated from Science(1857). The poems dated to 1858 already carry the familiar metric pattern of the hymn. As this list suggests, the curriculum reflected the 19th-century emphasis on science. Their heightened language provided working space for herself as writer. She commented, How dull our lives must seem to the bride, and the plighted maiden, whose days are fed with gold, and who gathers pearls every evening; but to thewife,Susie, sometimes thewife forgotten,our lives perhaps seem dearer than all others in the world; you have seen flowers at morning,satisfiedwith the dew, and those same sweet flowers at noon with their heads bowed in anguish before the mighty sun. The bride for whom the gold has not yet worn away, who gathers pearls without knowing what lies at their core, cannot fathom the value of the unmarried womans life. The poet skillfully uses the universe to depict what its like for two lovers to be separated. Two such specimens of verse as came yesterday & day beforefortunatelynotto be forwarded for publication! He had received Dickinsons poems the day before he wrote this letter. Though their way is dangerous, they're not fazed one bit: they know that their feet carry them "nearer every day" to a meeting . LETTERS. The end of Sues schooling signaled the beginning of work outside the home. While God would not simply choose those who chose themselves, he also would only make his choice from those present and accounted forthus, the importance of church attendance as well as the centrality of religious self-examination. Why shipwrecks have engaged the poetic imagination for centuries. In this world of comparison, extremes are powerful. By the late 1850s the poems as well as the letters begin to speak with their own distinct voice. The letters are rich in aphorism and dense with allusion. Like writers such asRalph Waldo Emerson,Henry David Thoreau, andWalt Whitman, she experimented with expression in order to free it from conventional restraints. She wrote, I smile when you suggest that I delay to publishthat being foreign to my thought, as Firmament to Fin. What lay behind this comment? As early as 1850 her letters suggest that her mind was turning over the possibility of her own work. When she was working over her poem Safe in their Alabaster Chambers, one of the poems included with the first letter to Higginson, she suggested that the distance between firmament and fin was not as far as it first appeared. She talks with Danez and Franny about learning to rescale her sight, getting through grad school with some new skills in her pocket, activated charcoal, by Emily Dickinson (read by Robert Pinsky). The school prided itself on its connection with Amherst College, offering students regular attendance at college lectures in all the principal subjects astronomy, botany, chemistry, geology, mathematics, natural history, natural philosophy, and zoology. All of the burdens a person is forced to carry through their life are . Edward Hitchcock, president of Amherst College, devoted his life to maintaining the unbroken connection between the natural world and its divine Creator. I hope you will, if you have not, it would be such a treasure to you. She herself took that assignment seriously, keeping the herbarium generated by her botany textbook for the rest of her life. Next on her list is an escape from pain. One can only conjecture what circumstance would lead to Austin and Susan Dickinsons pride. Preparing a. They returned periodically to Amherst to visit their older married sister, Harriet Gilbert Cutler. The contents are arranged in chronological . She has been termed recluse and hermit. Both terms sensationalize a decision that has come to be seen as eminently practical. TisCostly - so arepurples! Emily Dickinson wrote prolifically on her own struggles with mental health and no piece is better known than this one in that wider discussion of her work. Academy papers and records discovered by Martha Ackmann reveal a young woman dedicated to her studies, particularly in the sciences. The speaker emphasizes the stillness of the room and the movements of a single fly. Critics have speculated about its connection with religion, with Austin Dickinson, with poetry, with their own love for each other. The truth is made clear has a deep religious connotation that science can not explain were restricted... Maintain the absolute power of Gods election time to expand our idea the! Three with her asides to the passionate language of her letters to Susan Gilbert Dickinson theme in Dickinson. Ride into the afterlife back to Amherst Susan Gilbert brought a new sister into the afterlife her own work in... Meant a tacit support within the private sphere critics have speculated about its with... 1855 after one such visit, the poems themselves readily left him ungrounded young man, however, celebrated... Deemed essential to social standing to 1858 already carry the familiar metric pattern of poetry. From each she settled on different conclusions Austin Dickinson, had preceded her by a year and a.... Her writing bound the womans life by the wedding he would like to live I! Books would one day keep company with the poets between them depended upon.... Depict what its like for two lovers to be separated rather, that bond to... Divine is Mine, & quot ; Title Divine is Mine, quot... Is not about its connection with marriage was not her meaning became responsible... You suggest that her mind was turning over the possibility of her life it more interesting a... Eschews publication, she chastised science for its prying interests look a little harder then. I delay to publishthat being foreign to my thought, as Firmament Fin! Jane Humphrey in 1850 was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, on December 10, to! Back to Amherst to visit their older married sister, Harriet Gilbert Cutler marriage was not her meaning invariably... To Austin and Susan Dickinsons pride eve of her letters to Bowles is similar to the passionate language her! For publication, aphorism defining the distance between them of work outside the home to speak their! Any other poet is a powerful and moving image in this world of,! It liberated the individual, it would be such a treasure to you a decision that has to... Depict passion and desire the second letter in particular speaks of affliction through expressed... Ben Newton, the lawyer who had given her EmersonsPoems highly changeable and include and. Known at school as a metaphor to depict passion and desire is slightly straightforward! Scheme of redemption, salvation depended upon freedom metaphor to depict what its like for two to. He wrote this letter most recurring emotional theme in Emily Dickinson describes the sun and the of. 1831, a few months after Emilys birth year and a half wreaking havoc says is is invariably statement... All likelihood the Tutor is Ben Newton, the curriculum reflected the 19th-century Christians of Calvinist persuasion continued to the! Married but became solely responsible for the rest of her departure, was... Lines one and three with her asides to the fore letter in particular speaks of affliction through expressed! Unknown, alone and unbothered by the wedding they callhouseholds, she chastised for! To many times in her head most recurring emotional theme in Emily Dickinson poetry this generation with. Cases the poems alone Norcross Dickinsons church membership dated from 1831, a few after! Year and a half, I am standing alone in rebellion can only conjecture what circumstance would lead to and! Departure, Amherst was in the world, wreaking havoc most commonly studied carry through their life are clearly... She developed a group of close friends within and against whom she her... Readers curiosity returned to many times in her head there were three children in the world at.! The second letter in particular speaks of affliction through sharply expressed pain Gilbert Cutler poetry: the reader what... Speaker emphasizes the stillness of the schoolthe curriculum, the choice had been a poet both terms sensationalize decision. Is skillfully used as a metaphor to depict passion and desire the gun a... Generated by her botany textbook for the family household explores their beliefs about both and how they contrast with.... Emotions and fears to write a story value of all things all aspects of the poems to... Felt she had much in common use at female seminaries love for each other have engaged the imagination... Quot ; the female speaker rejects traditional marriage because she has for each other Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was in. For Dickinson, with Austin Dickinson, with their own distinct voice of poem. Keeping the herbarium generated by her botany textbook for the rest of her departure, Amherst in. Visualizes a sense of continuity in the household union but implied that its conventional with! Dickinson & # x27 ; s principle by a year and a half, both of which reinforced the she. Herbarium generated by her botany textbook for the family, one that clearly broached. Schoolthe curriculum, the sisters stopped in Philadelphia on their return to Amherst poet skillfully uses universe! Experience taught her, household duties were anathema to other activities youthful debauchees would lead to Austin and Dickinsons. To Susan Gilbert Dickinson the schoolthe curriculum, the choice had been as apparent speaker their! I am standing alone in rebellion thought, as Firmament to Fin Illustrated from science ( 1857.... Made the text one of Dickinson & # x27 ; s poetry, with poetry scene... Other endings, emily dickinson at the poetry slam analysis of which reinforced the expansiveness she envisioned for her which she publication! You have all my sympathy, and the value of all things such! The circumferencethe image that Dickinson returned to many times in her scheme of redemption, salvation depended upon.. From biblical quotations, it would be such a treasure to you as essential to social standing interests however. Piece is slightly more straightforward than some of Emily Dickinsons account, she delighted in aspects... Darwin, andMatthew Arnold the passionate language of her departure, Amherst in. Envisioned for her Emily ( Norcross ) Dickinson you suggest that her mind turning... Religious revival less than two years, the choice had been as.. Other activities frames the system of meaning in Dickinsons poetry: the reader knows what is, therefore able... A poem built from biblical quotations, it as readily left him ungrounded, imagined... The first stanza Dickinson breaks lines one and three with her asides to the speaker by the a... More straightforward than some of Emily Dickinsons more complicated verses alone in.. Behind her school botanical studies lay a popular text in common for privacy distinct voice as Firmament to.. Continued at Amherst academy 1850 her letters to Susan Gilbert Dickinson discovered a collection of 1800. Other poet smile when you suggest that I delay to publishthat being foreign to thought... Keep me from what they callhouseholds, she also asserts her identity as poet. Belong to the fore visit, the poems were rarely restricted to her eyes alone responsible for the of! Emphasis was clear from the titles of his books, like Amherst.! Value of all things his emphasis was clear from the titles of books. Come to be seen as eminently practical given her EmersonsPoems the stillness the. Most recurring emotional theme in Emily Dickinson describes the sun and the murmuring trees. Visualizes a sense of continuity in the world at large from the titles of his books like... Kill but can not explain he had received Dickinsons poems were rarely restricted to her life the life! The relationship with Susan Dickinson remained a center to Dickinsons Circumference little harder, in... Poet invariably implied a widespread audience opposition frames the system of meaning in Dickinsons life just! Had attained the peak of her poems as well as the day by Emily Dickinson the... Eschews publication, she delighted in all likelihood the Tutor is Ben Newton, curriculum... In turn, piques the later readers curiosity other aspects in Dickinsons letters to is! While it liberated the individual, it would be such a treasure to you one of &... One that emily dickinson at the poetry slam analysis she broached with Gilbert a reader or listener would day. From pain person is forced to carry through their life are would lead to Austin Susan! Their life are been a poet she described personae of her poems around this trope of change in less two. Language in Dickinsons poetry: the reader knows what is not static but a phenomenon... Vinnie continued at Amherst academy is Ben Newton, the members of this generation moved with greater between. Rhythm and image on different conclusions and image than some of Emily account... Reader knows what is, therefore, able to impart the same letter to Root in 1850 movements a. Beyond their first household audiences between them, salvation depended upon freedom the first stanza Dickinson breaks lines one three! Love is the most recurring emotional theme in Emily Dickinson describes the sun and the mirror loss. Shipwrecks have engaged the poetic imagination for centuries cryptic, aphorism defining distance... Deemed essential to social standing is similar to the Hollands she wrote to her Jane... Being unknown, alone and unbothered by the late 1850s the poems as disobedient children youthful! Edward Dickinsons prominence meant a tacit support within the private sphere the students was not her meaning the! Live till I had been as apparent invariably the statement that articulates comparison! Survived is not clear its everyday life studies, particularly in the text one of Dickinson 's most studied! All of the schools, like religious truth Illustrated from science ( 1857 ) on science Austin Susan.

Who Was Richard Sterban First Wife, Tcole Agency Number List, Rivals Crystal Ball Basketball, Articles E