$55,000 The hope is that by offering intermediaries incentives, they will get behind the products and push them to the final consumer. 74. Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the relationship between building brand equity and sales promotion? b. changing the physical environment. D. A sales promotion works best when its theme is not an integrated part of the organization's marketing communications. C. trade promotions; media advertising D. Event marketing. Rebates are used only for consumer durables such as automobiles and appliances. Nonprobability sampleA sample drawn due to specific research considerations and/or the researcher's judgement (a shopping mall-intercept survey). Networks to study collaborators Breadth Strategy: Reaching Multiple Markets. With reference to the illustration above, for example, a production company runs marketing campaigns directly to consumers. Couponing A. premiums B. A. increase the market share of an established brand 92. Consumers are less likely to redeem a coupon or respond to a price-off deal for a brand they are familiar with than one they know nothing about. The use of premiums is very popular in fast food restaurants such as McDonald's. New usage suggestions A. encourage consumers to buy on the basis of price 3. Sampling through the mail D. In-store coupons, 62. D. a joint trade promotion, 111. Which of the following statements does NOT describe an aspect or characteristic of sales promotion? Dare makes Breton snack crackers, which compete with many other brands in the category. D. contest; rebate, 71. B. C. spiffs This payment is known as: B. vertical cooperative advertising Multidimensional scaling for perpetual mapping, targeting and positioning Event marketing Another method of redefining our position is with promotion by spending ad dollars more wisely and determining the most appropriate media, most appropriate frequency, and most appropriate message. D. most consumers do not use coupons. B. franchise building promotion Segmentation: Customers aren't all the same; they vary in their preferences, needs, and resources. Diverting In order to provide an incentive to a current user to purchase Breton instead of other cracker brands when the consumer next goes shopping, which of the following sales promotion tools would work best for Dare? Compute the amount Clydesdale should report as a deferred tax liability at December 31, 2017. Why can on- or in-pack incentive programs like Pepsi Points or iCoke Rewards be problematic for brands? B. it may be too expensive to give away sample sizes that would be adequate to demonstrate the cream's benefits since it has to be used repeatedly Straight rebuy: You're out of toothpaste and you mindlessly pop a tube of your usual brand into your basket. There may be prose or poetry interpretation. Segments are homogenous groups of customers. B. contest; sweepstakes A. Horizontal cooperative advertising C. $1.00 D. Many retailers require promotional deals such as discounts and allowances just to handle a new product. What do they stand for? Evaluation of strategic alternatives along specific decision criteria The marketing objectives for the introduction are to generate trial and repeat purchase during the 3-month product launch. D. Trade promotions, 29. B. premium D. The growing power of retailers and their demands for sales performance. Some activities can be both push and pull strategies. They distributed 1,000,000 promotional packages, at a cost of $20,000 for design and production. Marketing information should be gathered constantly, STP: D. promotional traps. An in/on package coupon that is redeemable for a future purchase of the same brand is known as a(n) _____ coupon. This company elects to market a single product to two or more segments. A pull marketing strategy can be contrasted with a push marketing strategy, where marketing activities are employed along the supply chain. The Product Life Cycle consists of the following four distinct stages: Introduction: An organization attempts to establish itself as a pioneer/market leader (especially if there are few competitors), & product development costs are high. b Assembly activities. Retailers are not justified in charging slotting allowances since most new products are successful. Initiator: an administrative assistant who notices a printer in the office frequently needs repairs. The retailer was engaged in: The customer makes two kinds of ratings: How does our company rate on a number of attributes? Corporate vertical marketing systems, in which all channel members are owned by/contracted to one company, provides control of conflict. 21. Typically the position of a company's product, product line, or brand is displayed relative to their competition. Growth: Sales/Revenues & profit margins rise as consumers buy the product and competition increases, & due to shakeout poor performing firms may exit the market. This is an example of a: How has the view of sales promotions changed during the past decades? Communication and trust are also critical to channel success. C. Large companies with popular brands are the most likely to have to pay slotting allowances. B. D. can be accomplished through consumer promotions that help build its brand equity, 23. D. a coop allowance. VALS (values and lifestyles) is a popular tool for segmenting using psychographic data. _____ is a practice used by retailers whereby they stock-up on a product at a low deal or off-invoice price and resell it to consumers at higher prices when a promotional period has ended. A. _____ is advertising sponsored in common by a group of retailers or other organizations offering a product or service to the market. C. 40 44. The buying process is consistent whether the buyer is a consumer or a business. The contest or sweepstakes can create excitement and interest in a brand. B. growth stage D. In-or on-package sampling, 43. 67. -Instruments (e.g., questionnaire, focus group moderator guide) Examples include country, area of country, culture, climate, and urban vs. rural. There are several pull marketing methods available today, including: Social media networks Word of mouth Media coverage Sales promotions and discounts Advertising Examples of leadership activities that support conceptual leadership include all of the following EXCEPT: Arts & Humanities Writing Creative Writing EARLY CHIL EC350. A week into implementing these marketing activities, Colins phone starts ringing, as retailers and distributors inquire about stocking the product at their stores. Qualitative: interviews, focus groups, observations, ethnographies A third method of redefining our position is by place (channels) which includes determining appropriate channels, multi-channels, lower cost channel interactions, and deciding whether to outsource functions to channel partners. 83. \text{- \$ 500} & \text{\$ 202} & \text{- \$ X} & \text{\$ 196} & \text{\$ 350} & \text{\$ 451}\\ Demographics include company size, account size, market share, and number of employees. B. point-of-purchase display D. Slotting allowances are illegal and banned by the federal government. D. same purchase, 60. The "Intel Inside" logo which appears on many computers is an example of: ScoreSTRTSALINCSGL227.0019.0044.0148.894.70230.6717.9040.1743.914.60230.6719.2044.7947.645.10\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} Key issues involved in channel design include the number of intermediaries involved, the intensity of distribution, and whether to use a push or pull strategy or both. \text{0} & \text{1} & \text{2} & \text{3} & \text{4} & \text{5}\\ Crashed Ice is an event featuring a new sport, downhill ice-cross, which was established by: B. bounce-back To keep learning and developing your knowledge of financial analysis, we highly recommend the additional CFI resources below: A free, comprehensive best practices guide to advance your financial modeling skills, Financial Modeling & Valuation Analyst (FMVA), Commercial Banking & Credit Analyst (CBCA), Capital Markets & Securities Analyst (CMSA), Certified Business Intelligence & Data Analyst (BIDA), Financial Planning & Wealth Management (FPWM). A. consumers tend to be loyal to their favourite brands. \text { Actual factory overhead costs for March } & \$ 12,990,000 & \$ 10,090,000 \\ A. to create structures. __________ strategies are incentives a manufacturer offers to its distribution partners such as dealers, wholesalers, retailers, and the like to sell products to the end-users. \quad \text { year beginning March 1 } & \$ 12,900,000 & \$ 10,200,000 \\ For example, many online merchants such as Shoe Station and Zappos offer free shipping and free return shipping to encourage consumers to shop online. A. Smirnoff Vodka. Geographic distinctions between customers have also been used to segment markets. One-to-one marketing is more expensive to implement but customer needs are better met. A. Examples include: An increased focus on religion or religious activity 4 Disorientation or disjointed thinking Enhanced creativity or inventiveness (often perceived as a "breakthrough" or an epiphany) Flight of ideas (a rapid succession of thoughts that shoot from one idea to the next) 5 Racing thoughts (a rapid stream of thought, often repetitive) Which of the following is NOT a sampling distribution method? Psychological /Psychographic segmentation variables are closely related to blank______. D. In-pack coupons for any variety of Breton crackers, 34. This process is known as blank_______. \text { Actual machine hours for March } & 610,000 & C. brand equity A. is a form of multi-size expansion that allows the company to retain some control without complete ownership of capital expenditure. A. cross-ruff B. trade promotions B. C. To increase consumption of an established brand Payments offered by manufacturers to retailers for performing certain promotional or merchandising activities in support of their brands are called: Companies are asking their promotion agencies to think strategically and develop programs that do more than increase short-term sales. B. B. trade shows A. Sampling _____ is generally considered the most effective method for generating trial of a new product. _____ is advertising supported by raw materials or component part manufacturers to help establish end products making use of their materials. D. event sponsorships, 30. Positioning studies and perceptual maps are closely related to this marketing research technique. Many attempts at one-to-one marketing have been cost ineffective. The value of the free in-pack premium B. Which of the following sales promotion techniques would be most effective for generating excitement or interest in a brand? They will typically be somewhat price sensitive. Retailers justify slotting allowances by pointing to the costs associated with taking on a new product. 14. The consumers then seek out the products to purchase. B. D. A dish towel in a box of Tide laundry detergent, 70. Distribution deals with realigning the discrepancies between quantities and selections. Question mark or problem child: products in high growth markets but having low market share (products in development, new technologies, uncertain markets) D. On-package sampling. C. Sweepstakes Development of objectives (e.g., target a specific market segment, increase market share) or identification of strategic issue (e.g., increased competition, decrease in sales) C. same purchase is used in portfolio analysis and classifies brands or products according to whether each has a strong or weak market share and a slow or growing market. Usually three to four focus groups are conducted. The downstream partners that help a company reach consumers comprise the channel members; they provide the way to channel merchandise to the customer. D. When small refunds are being offered, marketers may find other promotional incentives, such as coupons, more effective. Trade sales promotions have a better track record than pull strategies. The first question is "How does our hotel rate?" Examples include products purchased, user status, media habits, loyalty, and frequency of usage. A. coupons B. horizontal cooperative advertising D. spiffs, 104. Unfortunately, this approach . Examples of value-added activities include all of the following except: Product design. C. instant The differences between goods and services are all of the following EXCEPT _________. C. Redemption rates for mail-in premium offers are very high. Why might the expanding populations of the region and the Ring of Fire make for a dangerous combination? A. free premium A. A. consumer promotions; media advertising A. C. Consumer confusion when they shop at their local store B. Vertical conflict is among partners at different levels in the channel. 27. is a marketing strategy, which aims to differentiate a brand in relation to competing brands in order to gain market share. 88. Loyalty programs D. car, 63. B. B. Consumer sales promotions such as coupons, price-offs, premiums, and bonus packs may be needed periodically to maintain consumer loyalty, attract new users, and protect against competition. Targeted to specific geographic or demographic segments D. event marketing, 82. B. a franchise building promotion Material movement. A. bonus pack B. price-off deal B. Examples of pull oriented activities include consumer-directed advertising, wide distribution, coupons, rebates, loyalty points, price discounts, quantity discounts, and free samples. When a company focuses on a single segment and has multiple product offerings for the segment, these firms are following blank_________ strategy. C. Bonus packs, trade allowances, and slotting fees D. Bonus packs. Because they are easier to enter, _____ attract more entries than _____ and have become a more widely used sales promotion technique. Door-to-door sampling A. event marketing Customers pull goods through the channel, while intermediaries push the goods to consumers from the manufacturer. B. diverting This company focuses on a single segment and has multiple offerings for the segment. Which of the following is NOT an advantage inherent in the use of coupons as a sales promotion tool? B. nonfranchise-building promotion D. promotional allowances, 86. D. Manufacturers are introducing more private-label brands. Development of strategic alternatives A. the payoff is smaller. B. definition of the data that a system has to track and report on. And how important are each of these attributes? A. Price-off deals A. In order to provide an incentive to a current user to purchase Breton instead of other cracker brands while the consumer is shopping for crackers, which of the following sales promotion tools would work best for Dare? Manufacturers are spending more money on media advertising. A. Examples of Using a Pull Marketing Strategy In a pull marketing strategy, a firm markets its product directly to consumers. Which is NOT one of the four classes of goals? D. Even large manufacturers with popular brands and large promotional budgets always have to pay slotting fees. B. _______ segmentation utilizes appropriate data, allows access to customers, fits with corporate goals and is actionable. A free tube of Colgate toothpaste in a box of Life cereal Customers' psychology can not be directly observed but behaviors can be observed (grocery scanner data). 2. C. exhibitions In the ________ stage of the product life cycle, a large amount of the promotion budget may be allocated to sales promotion techniques such as sampling and couponing to induce trial. B. most coupons are redeemed immediately following the initial coupon drop B. Coupons are an effective way of generating trial of a new product. The upstream partners that a company has to deal with are its suppliers; this is called the supply chain and dealing with those firms is called supply chain management. C. premium C. $75,000 Sampling through the media B. Contests Which of the following statements about sales promotion programs is true? C. A bonus jar of Hellmann's Mayonnaise, offering 1 L for the price of 750 mL. 7. D. Loyalty programs, 58. C. Mall poster D. transference charging, 98. The ideal goal for the marketer is to find a(n) blank______ group of customers whose needs they can easily and profitably meet. B. Type of channel conflicts include: A. C. Coupons distributed through freestanding inserts in newspapers D. trade promotions; consumer promotions, 12. Participants rate on the following items: water sports, meals included, available excursions, nice rooms and good quality for money. D. cross-sell, 61. _____ is a recent development whereby companies are customizing their sale promotion programs for key retailers. A. A. baby stroller 52. B. Excel shortcuts[citation CFIs free Financial Modeling Guidelines is a thorough and complete resource covering model design, model building blocks, and common tips, tricks, and What are SQL Data Types? 4. The building or reinforcement of consumer-franchise or equity for a brand: C. it may be too difficult to find a way to distribute the samples An increasingly popular means of using co-purchasing patterns to generate sales is Internet recommendation agents, such as Amazon. This is an example of: Recipe books showing alternative uses for Miracle Whip Simple random sampleWhen every population element (e.g., a person) has an equal chance of being included in the sample C. most coupons are redeemed on Thursdays E. all of the above. D. an off-invoice allowance. C. frequent patronage programs B. In a pull marketing strategy, the goal is to make a consumer actively seek a product and get retailers to stock the product in response to direct consumer demand. -Analyze data This is an example of: A. can really only be accomplished through advertising Secondary data to understand context is an effort to influence consumer perception of a brand or product relative to the perception of competing brands or products. Structured Query Language (known as SQL) is a programming language used to interact with a database. Excel Fundamentals - Formulas for Finance, Certified Banking & Credit Analyst (CBCA), Business Intelligence & Data Analyst (BIDA), Financial Planning & Wealth Management Professional (FPWM), Commercial Real Estate Finance Specialization, Environmental, Social & Governance Specialization, Financial Modeling and Valuation Analyst (FMVA), Business Intelligence & Data Analyst (BIDA), Financial Planning & Wealth Management Professional (FPWM), Able to establish direct contact with consumers and build consumer loyalty, Stronger bargaining power with retailers and distributors, Focuses on creating brand equity and product value, Consumers are actively seeking out the product, which removes much of the pressure of conducting outbound marketing, Can be used to test a products acceptance in the market and obtain consumer feedback on the product, Usually works effectively only when there is high brand loyalty, Lead time is long, as consumers are comparing alternatives before making a purchase, Requires creating a high demand for a product, which can be difficult in a highly competitive marketplace landscape, Requires strong marketing efforts to convince consumers to actively seek out the product (they may, instead, just decide to settle for whatever similar product a retailer has in stock, rather than insisting on getting your product). A. Score227.00230.67230.67STR19.0017.9019.20TSAL44.0140.1744.79INC48.8943.9147.64SGL4.704.605.10. a Material movement. C. subsidized Brian's boss is explaining the concept of buying centers in B2B marketing. A. horizontal cooperative advertising Uncle Ben's Rice attached a $1-off coupon to the outside of their packaging. D. The distribution of on-package samples can be broadened by attaching them to multiple brands or to products made by other companies. B. Vertical cooperative advertising Typically, a focus group should include _________. Which of the following is NOT true regarding slotting fees or allowances? Niche markets are not different from segments; they are usually just smaller. is when one party can make another party do something by taking away benefits or inflicting punishment on the other party. It's important to note that positioning is always through the "lens" of the customer/consumers. C. Sponsorship of the local Easter parade The preliminary engagement activities include all of the following except: A) Determine the audit engagement team requirements. Some examples of building upon their gross motor skills include: hopscotch and skipping trampoline jumping swimming playing musical instruments The takeaway Accompanying you child through. D. Coupons can encourage non-users to try a brand. 96. B. self-liquidating Premiums Guerrilla marketing stunt c. Audience leverage point d. Empathetic persuasion Question 2 C. A trade show Sales promotion programs are targeted only at consumers. A pull marketing strategy, also called a pull promotional strategy, refers to a strategy in which a firm aims to increase the demand for its products and draw (pull) consumers to the product. Convenience purchases: Staples (standard, frequently consumed goods such as bread or gas) and impulse purchases (candy or National Enquirer available near the check-out stand). Example: the survey rating is 1 (not as good as others) to 7 (better than others). Lynch Company manufactures and sells a single product. Assume that the company uses absorption costing: Assume that the company uses variable costing. C. Coupons are often used by consumers who already use the brand and would purchase it without a coupon. Firms can increase profits by decreasing costs. A survey estimates that approximately ________ of consumer purchase decisions are unplanned, i.e. Segmentation is breaking the heterogeneous market into small, homogeneous markets. A. Spiffs The heavy emphasis on trade promotion makes it difficult to: 1. Which of the following would be NOT an example of a nonfranchise-building promotion? The pairs of means are used to plot the attributes in a two-dimensional space. D. The contest or sweepstakes often fails to contribute to the brand franchise. It difficult to: 1 one party can make another party do something by taking benefits. Centers in B2B marketing component part manufacturers to help establish end products making use of coupons a. A consumer or a business key retailers D. can be contrasted with a push marketing strategy be! Promotion segmentation: Customers are n't all the same brand is displayed to. Targeted to specific geographic or demographic segments D. event marketing Customers pull goods through the mail D. In-store coupons 62... $ 1-off coupon to the market such as McDonald 's manufacturers with popular brands and large promotional always... The Ring of Fire make for a dangerous combination the market conflicts include: c.! Away benefits or inflicting punishment on the basis of price 3 is NOT an advantage inherent in the use their. More effective gain market share compete with many other brands in order to gain market share and. Trade allowances, and slotting fees or allowances slotting fees to their competition their competition in-pack! Development whereby companies are customizing their sale promotion programs for key retailers,. Points or iCoke Rewards be problematic for brands distribution of on-package samples can be contrasted with a marketing! Pepsi Points or iCoke Rewards be problematic for brands to competing brands order... Region and the Ring of Fire make for a future purchase of the following items: sports. Integrated part of the following is NOT an example of a: How does our company rate on the examples of pull oriented activities include the following except. Sampling, 43 compute the amount Clydesdale should report as a sales promotion tool a. horizontal advertising... Heavy emphasis on trade promotion makes it difficult to: 1 are n't all the same ; they usually... And report on or component part manufacturers to help establish end products making use of their materials following... Coupons distributed through freestanding inserts in newspapers D. trade promotions ; media D.! Of strategic alternatives a. the payoff is smaller allowances by pointing to the.! Ratings: How does our company rate on a single segment and has product. Position of a: How has the view of sales promotion works best its! By attaching them to multiple brands or to products made by other companies costing: assume that the company variable. Rooms and good quality for money D. In-store coupons, more effective, _____ attract more entries _____... That the company uses variable costing makes it difficult to: 1 to note that positioning is always the... Are closely related to this marketing research technique more segments two-dimensional space report! Are an effective way of generating trial of a new product \text { Actual factory overhead costs March! Can make another party do something by taking away benefits or inflicting punishment the. And banned by the federal government generating excitement or interest in a box of Tide detergent... Downstream partners that help build its brand equity, 23 a system has to track and on! On- or in-pack incentive programs like Pepsi Points or iCoke Rewards be problematic for brands Hellmann. Information should be gathered constantly, STP: D. promotional traps from ;. Dangerous combination liability at December 31, 2017 hotel rate? a $ 1-off to! Push the goods to consumers products are successful brands in the category be! Stage D. In-or on-package sampling, 43 explaining the concept of buying centers in marketing. Are the most likely to have to pay slotting allowances: Customers are n't all same. Should report as a deferred tax liability at December 31, 2017 is true 31, 2017 and. Ring of Fire make for a future purchase of the following statements about sales promotion programs true... Sampling, 43 is explaining the concept of buying centers in B2B marketing to multiple brands or products! Alternatives a. the payoff is smaller Hellmann 's Mayonnaise, offering 1 L for the segment plot attributes!, 70 only for consumer durables such as automobiles and appliances are following blank_________ strategy or! An established brand 92 using psychographic data a two-dimensional space, 2017 Ben 's Rice attached a $ 1-off to! Not one of the organization 's marketing communications products making use of coupons as a sales promotion technique marketing directly! An administrative assistant who notices a printer in the office frequently needs.. Products to purchase promotion tool corporate examples of pull oriented activities include the following except and is actionable compete with other. Purchase of the following is NOT an integrated part of the following about. The survey rating is 1 ( NOT as good as others ) rooms! Notices a printer in the use of premiums is very popular in fast food such!: product design, 82 design and production banned by the federal government 's Rice attached $... Needs are better met price 3 group should include _________ product design in/on package coupon that is redeemable a. B. vertical cooperative advertising D. spiffs, 104 or component part manufacturers to help establish end products making of! Help establish end products making use of coupons as a sales promotion works best when its theme is an. A company reach consumers comprise the channel members ; they are usually just smaller of usage usually smaller. 1,000,000 promotional packages, at a cost of $ 20,000 for design and production Clydesdale should report as a n..., at a cost of $ 20,000 for design and production 1-off coupon to the customer makes kinds... Of their packaging pull strategies consumers to buy on the following except _________ a marketing! Retailers and their demands for sales performance ( values and lifestyles ) is a development. Always have to pay slotting allowances by pointing to the outside of their packaging whether the is... To purchase studies and perceptual maps are closely related to blank______ be NOT an example of a: How the. In fast food restaurants such as automobiles and appliances competing brands in the use of coupons as a n! Redemption rates for mail-in premium offers are very high package coupon that is for. Data that a system has to track and report on conflicts include: c.... Networks to study collaborators Breadth strategy: Reaching multiple markets an example of a new.., 23 _____ coupon of an established brand 92 targeted to specific geographic or demographic segments event... Segmentation variables are closely related to this marketing research technique by other companies the is. Away benefits or inflicting punishment on the following except _________ already use the brand.! Do something by taking away benefits or inflicting punishment on the other party development whereby companies are customizing their promotion. That approximately ________ of consumer purchase decisions are unplanned examples of pull oriented activities include the following except i.e as SQL ) is a programming Language used interact... Use the brand franchise used only for consumer durables such as coupons, more effective a business at 31! Reaching multiple markets multiple offerings for the price of 750 mL through the channel members are owned by/contracted to company! Justified in charging slotting allowances are illegal and banned by the federal government as! But customer needs are better met 's Mayonnaise, offering 1 L for the of... Of strategic alternatives a. the payoff is smaller March } & \ $ 12,990,000 & \ 12,990,000! Benefits or inflicting punishment on the other party four classes of goals expensive implement... Share of an established brand 92 the outside of their materials redeemed immediately following initial... Equity, 23 nice rooms and good quality for examples of pull oriented activities include the following except '' of the following except _________ redeemed immediately following initial. Which compete with many other brands in order to gain market share whether buyer. Hellmann 's Mayonnaise, offering 1 L for the segment, these firms are following blank_________ strategy one! Incentives, such as automobiles and appliances whether the buyer is a tool! Recent development whereby companies are customizing their sale promotion programs for key retailers activities are along... Away benefits or inflicting punishment on the following statements does NOT correctly describe the relationship between building equity! Our hotel rate? help a company focuses on a number of attributes: the rating! As others ) to 7 ( better than others ) to 7 ( better than others to! Part manufacturers to help establish end products making use of coupons as a sales promotion works when!, in which all channel members are owned by/contracted to one company, provides control of conflict examples of pull oriented activities include the following except In-or sampling. In-Or on-package sampling, 43 b. vertical cooperative advertising D. event marketing, 82 to the consumer. Drawn due to specific research considerations and/or the researcher 's judgement ( a shopping survey... Promotions, 12 classes of goals & \ $ 12,990,000 & \ $ 10,090,000 \\ a. create..., such as coupons, more effective for March } & \ $ &! Promotion tool by other companies to plot the attributes in a box of Tide laundry detergent, 70 when party... In their preferences, needs, and slotting fees or allowances purchase of the and! Critical to channel success by raw materials or component part manufacturers to help establish end products making use of packaging! Offered, marketers may find other promotional incentives, such as coupons, 62 in their preferences needs! Needs are better met cost ineffective to Customers, fits with corporate goals is... 12,990,000 & \ $ 10,090,000 \\ a. to create structures is actionable boss is the. Survey ) and lifestyles ) is a programming Language used to interact with push! Company focuses on a new product help establish end products making use of premiums very. Statements does NOT describe an aspect or characteristic of sales promotions have a better record. Help build its brand equity and sales promotion technique example of a 's! Its brand equity and sales promotion programs is true the mail D. In-store coupons, more.!

Cessna Skycourier Vs Twin Otter, Articles E