Seems to me that it's neither ham-uck or ham-ick, but something in between, using the schwa (that upside-down e in the dictionary pronunciation guides). us. The Thames is derived from a Middle English term, Temese, which is also derived from the Brittonic Celtic name, Tamesas, which could mean dark. I think the root of all this agony is that early on in my life, I was asked to find the River Thames on a map (this was probably part of my mission to find, capture, and strip search Carmen Sandiego). WebI 've read that the 1st Havoverian Monarch (King George 1st) had a thick German accent and couldn't pronounce 'th', so he called it the river 'Temmes'. There are two rules to keep in mind. WebThe River Thames (/ t m z / TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. Best Answer. How do you pronounce the river Thames? Of course, she was just an irratating person all the way around, so "draw" for drawer :) It always sounded like a speech impediment! I will stop feeling superior to folks like the American tourist sitting across from me on the Underground one day, loudly instructing his family on how they would get to Lie-ches-ter Square. Nobody wanted to tell the King he was wrong so in deference to him, everyone called it the 'Temmes' and it has been ever since. For medical advice, always consult your medical doctor. So the UK pronunciation is quite close to that, actually . Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English. In German the river is called Themse, which is pronounced [tEms@]. us. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. I've been to Heysham a few times. Thus, the absolutely authentic pronunciation is bee em vee. WaihouThe river reverted to its Mori name of Waihou, but the inlet is still known as the Firth (estuary) of Thames, a combination of English and Scottish words. FranekThats a good one! I say "Want the W sauce with that?" Some of these species you might recognise such as seabass, Dover sole and flounder and others, such as the cucumber smelling smelt, may be less familiar. Thames is pronounced 'temz'. Thames is pronounced as temms to rhyme with shems, unless you mean the one in Connecticut, which is pronounced Thames. Ask away and we will do our best to answer or find someone who can.We try to vet our answers to get you the most acurate answers. Train travel in Britain on the day of a scheduled strike, London to Dover to Calais to London in a Day, Oyster Card for Kids 11-15 from Heathrow to London City, Help with 9 days itinerary - London and (?where else), Travel from Heathrow airport to London City Airport quickly. (My understanding being that the proper pronunciation sounds something like "temz."). OK. 3 syllables across the pond. do u do the Y in mary silent so its said as marlebone ?? WebSitting at the base of the Coromandel Peninsula, Thames (pronounced 'Tems') started off as a mining town thanks to the Coromandel gold rush in the 1860s. The Thames is derived from a Middle English term, Temese, which is also derived from the Brittonic Celtic name, Tamesas, which could mean dark. Pronounced "Dee-el.". 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? / temz/. / temz/. WebI always thought it was "th-ames" , the "th" pronounced like in "th-ink" and the "ames" pronounced like in "James". Can You Trust Encyclopedia Britannica As A Source? I think I prefer the "th-ames" version to the "tems" version! Then there is the curious case of River Thames. If I had a dollar for every word in English that made me ask this question. Yes, that's the one. Simply put, the rivers name has always been pronounced tems, with a simple t sound. Web"Thames is pronounced "Tems" because George I, who was German and could speak very little English, pronounced it that way in his German accent. more. And as we're on pronunciation, a shire is NEVER a shire it's a shure or a sheer. UPDATED Friend requests from suspicious accounts, Update from the BC Support Team on the book lookup/search issue, Update from our BookCrossing Translation Team. James Hogg 2014-02-18 22:15:17 UTC. I don't know whether people were being extravagantly polite or taking the mick!" How to use Oyster Cards, Travelcards and 2-4-1 offers in London? He has dedicated his life to helping students achieve their full potential in the classroom and beyond. How do you pronounce the river Thames? "Or-r-gun", a sort of two-and-a-half syllable word, is what I hear most. Top Secret Hotel from lastminute.com - any idea? My suspicion (and thus the story) is that Amos arrived at Ellis Island, they asked him his name, and he said Thames (like Tims) and they wrote down TIMMS. First, the "Th" is not pronounced as it would usually be in English, like in the word "thought". How do you pronounce the river Thames? As a German, the "th" was difficult for him to pronounce and he pronounced it as "Tems". I was there at night - briefly - the place creeped us out so much that we got the heck out of there as soon as we could. take the first vowel and run with it adding sta on the end. is a dead giveaway that the speaker (or writer) is not a Southerner. Its headwaters are in the north-east of Zambia, between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Nyasa (Malawi), 1760 metres above sea level; it flows into the Atlantic Ocean. This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in United Kingdom. The Thames is first mentioned in English around 893 in King Alfred the Greats Orosius. WebThe pronunciation of Thames as Tems. Check out ButterflyCoins.org, another project from the BookCrossing team! And as we're on pronunciation, a shire is NEVER a shire it's a shure or a sheer. I always pronounce it jag-u-ar. Its actually pronounced temmz, where the vowel rhymes with pen. River Thames (United Kingdom) Correct pronunciation: Tems. At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. So if youve been pronouncing it that way this whole time, congratulations youve been right! hasn't anyone seen the Batman movie where the butler is speaking into Batman's watch/phone, and says, "Robin has taken the car, sir"? I wonder if they really think thats how et cetera is spelled. BookCrossers are reporting receiving Friend Request email alerts from someone they don't know. At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? (tmz) a river in S England, rising in the Cotswolds in several headstreams and flowing generally east through London to the North Sea by a large estuary. That shows me! Some Prince from Germanys feelings were more important than all that English history lol. Jag-u-ar is actually correct (talking big cat and not car), Re: Jag-u-ar is actually correct (talking big cat and not car). Is it really necessary that youre pronounced Tims? This courtesy developed when swords were still used on the battle field. Copy. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Clearly and naturally it should be pronouced as Thameshowever that is not the case since king George was of German Descent and could only say it as Temmz, meant that his royal subjects (aka soon to be headless subjects who for obvious reasons liked their heads) decided to honour him and pronounce it Temmz Some think a tributary, the River Churn, has a better claim to being the source; it rises near the village of Seven Springs (700 feet [213 metres] above sea level), just south of Cheltenham . What was London called before Roman times? Oh no, riverse out of this dead end. > So now when I say that, everyone else from, If anyone checks the Go Hunting pages for NJ, you will usually see that the books released in Secaucus were released by =^.^=, > I always thought I was being correct to. WebRiver Thames, ancient Tamesis or Tamesa, also called (in Oxford, England) River Isis, chief river of southern England. WebI always thought it was "th-ames" , the "th" pronounced like in "th-ink" and the "ames" pronounced like in "James". I don't know whether people were being extravagantly polite or taking the mick!" Origin Of Name. It LOOKS like it should be War chester shire or were chester shire but Im clueless! (LogOut/ So, words such as bottle become boel and water become waer. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. He must have concluded that Thames (like James) would be a more suitable pronunication than (like Tims). I remember the graves well. / temz/. No one has come close to getting the regional pronunciation of the state correct for Merlin, so I thought I would add it. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? WebHow to pronounce the Thames noun in British English. Simply put, the river's name has always been pronounced 'tems', with a simple 't' sound. Locals here conveniently forget to pronounce the alphabet T while conversing. Edmund Duncan is an education expert and thought leader in the field of learning. When Edmund isn't working or speaking, he enjoys spending time with his family and friends. Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. That one is actually said the way it is spelled though. Those are good. Questions must have a definitive answer. It's a contraction, but it's a darned good and useful one! He loves traveling and exploring new places, and he is an avid reader who loves learning about new cultures and customs. In some languages it is masculine (Spanish) but feminine in others (French and German). The h in thyme is silent and i is pronounced with a long i, which means like the word eye. Have you seen pics of Carmen Sandiego lately? Thames is pronounced as temz to rhyme with shemz, unless you mean the one in Connecticut, which is pronounced Thames. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus. Discussion of suicide or self-harm is not tolerated and will result in an immediate ban. What is A person who sells flower is called? River in both instances is just river.Thames is pronounced as temz in England, Canada and new Zealand. Learn American English for free every day, learn the correct pronunciation. It was made up by someone from Essex trying to spell river (or cold blue wobbly thing as it's known here). I've been known to pronounce it both ways From *Eng-a-land swings like a pendulum do* perhaps. William and Mary, that is spelled Taliaferro, but pronounced Tolliver. That one is actually said the way it is spelled though. Idioms with the word back, Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023. Before the Romans came it was called Tems but the Romans latinised it and called it Tamesis. The Latin name is from Proto-Celtic *tamess (river, waters, literally darkness), a masculine -stem of *tames, Proto-Indo-European *tmHes-, zero-grade of *tmHes-, *tmHos- (darkness), an s-stem from the root *temH- (dark). Diana Rigg pronounced the name "Dal-gleesh" (accent on the first syllable). I had one of THOSE mothers. Yep, there is a dormitory at my alma mater, and don't forget the *missing* syllable - I've been hearing, Re: Edinburgh is "Eh-din-burr-a" not "Eh-din-burg", I'm from the East, and we say "Or-uh-gahn", Oxford and Macquarie (Aust Dictionary) give jaguar 3 syllables. Nobody wanted to tell the King he was wrong so in deference to him, everyone called it the 'Temmes' and it has been ever since. WebThe River Thames (/ t m z / TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. Origin Of Name. jagwar is an Americanisation and therefore also correct - in America only though. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Now Latin is a dead language not worth learning, and so now we have learned, influential, authoritative people saying ECK-CETERA instead of ET-CETERA. it was a different tv series. Lunatics. Web"Thames is pronounced "Tems" because George I, who was German and could speak very little English, pronounced it that way in his German accent. I'm sure I've heard it pronounced differently to how we say it- mi-ra. First of all, it seems like the apostrophe should be after the Y: y'all. So like white privilege I guess. And how about nucuelar for nuclear? Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. I actually like the emphasis on on Jag-u-ar. Re: Silly question, how is "Thames" pronounced? Actually, I haven't often heard it pronounced differently, though im from NZ, so maybe we're just weird. I didnt know that about King George. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect (correct pronunciation) or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language. True or false, anybody? Alas I have been very annoyed over this little pet peeve myself to the point of annoyance and back. What did the Romans call the River Thames? As a German, the "th" was difficult for him to pronounce and he pronounced it as "Tems". Harry Potter Studio Tour London Gift Shop, Inexpensive, but good, restaurants near Victoria Station. Change). I've only heard it a few times, but I just love it! WebThe River Thames (/ t m z / TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. Here's a quote from the American Heritage Dictionary: Etymology The modern spelling of the word Thames illustrates an interesting This comes from Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert. Ever hear radio hosts (or interviewees) say eck cetera (for et cetera)? Members who are knowledgeable about this destination and volunteer their time to answer travelers' questions. I must admit I have difficulty w/ Gloucester. (The German name for the Thames is How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. "Chiswick" is pronounced "Chez-ick." It rises north-northwest of Woodstock, in the uplands between Lakes Huron and Erie, and flows southwest past the towns of Woodstock, London, and Chatham to Lake Saint Clair. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Oh no, riverse out of this dead end. How to pronounce the Thames noun in American English. But I have been told by frequent users of this term that it's ya'll, which makes no sense to me at all because the apostrophe is supposed to take the place of the missing letter(s). But I was watching some interviews with both Kylie and Natalie Imbruglia, and both of them referred to it as "Tems" (rhyming with "Gems"). WebThe pronunciation of 'Thames' comes from the word's original spelling, which had pre-Celtic roots. The name Tamyse was popular in Anglo-Saxon times but it has been known as Thames since c. 1600. The CongoThe Congo is the deepest river in the world. Can you PLEASE all stop being so interesting, witty, knowledgeable and verbose so that this girl can get some work done?!? WebI 've read that the 1st Havoverian Monarch (King George 1st) had a thick German accent and couldn't pronounce 'th', so he called it the river 'Temmes'. The pronunciation of Thames is often confusing for foreign speakers because it is counter-intuitive. According to military customs, a lower ranking soldier walks on the left side of a senior officer. And I also used to live near Bawlmer, Merlin. Relator for realtor? (English pronunciations of the Thames from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus and from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, both sources Cambridge University Press) But I've heard nearly every Brit in a movie that does say it call the car by its three syllable name. Then George Ist became king. River in both instances is just river.Thames is pronounced as temz in England, Canada and new Zealand. Which is the most cleanest river in the world? Thames River, river in southern Ontario, Canada. Nobody wanted to tell the King he was wrong so in deference to him, everyone called it the 'Temmes' and it has been ever since. Thames is pronounced as temz to rhyme with shemz, unless you mean the one in Connecticut, which is pronounced Thames. The Taliaferros settled in Virginia, then one of their descendants moved down to Georgia. I think I have my Halloween costume idea! I say 'mirror', but had a friend from the east coast who said, thoughts on one of my fave topics, starting with jag-u-ar, Another Secaucus P.S., with text this time, Re: Preserving the language. Does The New York Times Use The Oxford Comma? It was made up by someone from Essex trying to spell river (or cold blue wobbly thing as it's known here). Apparently Prince Albert was German and couldn't pronounce it and his ego was so bruised by people making fun of him, they all started pronouncing it without the TH sound the German prince couldn't manage. Learn the correct American English pronunciation of the river in Southern England. Thames is pronounced as temz to rhyme with shemz, unless you mean the one in Connecticut, which is pronounced Thames. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Prescriptive Grammar and Standard English, Singapore English/ Singlish Vs StandardEnglish, "Isnt it?" Here in Britain, when we say across the pond or the other side of the pond we might be referring to the Atlantic Ocean and the United States. (The German name for the Thames is Im sure people have said that and I havent noticed. According to Cambridge Dictionary, if youre from the UK, you likely put more emphasis on the care part of the word and pronounce it like care-a-muhl. Its taken from the Latin pavimentum, which means trodden down floor. Trodden on because its for pedestrians. (English pronunciations of the Thames from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus and from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, both sources Cambridge University Press) I LOVE Ho-ho-kus (that's how they spell it!) His descendants went from England to the Colonies in the 1600s. Why Are Oxford Summer Courses So Expensive? WebI always thought it was "th-ames" , the "th" pronounced like in "th-ink" and the "ames" pronounced like in "James". River Thames (United Kingdom) Correct pronunciation: Tems. Holly, Gloucester is (to me) pronounced Gloster. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. River Thames (United Kingdom) Correct pronunciation: Tems. I knew a co-worker who would pronounce it that way, and he would also say eckspecially for especially. WebThe only thing more ridiculous than the English spelling is the Welsh one: "Tafwys". Will someone who says "Itly" and "Jag-u-ar" please report here as to how and why they started pronouncing like this? I have an ancestor who went from Venice to England in the late 1500s. My brother cannot for reasons unknown, say 3 words properly. The correct way to pronounce Nike is so that it rhymes with spiky. Clearly and naturally it should be pronouced as Thameshowever that is not the case since king George was of German Descent and could only say it as Temmz, meant that his royal subjects (aka soon to be headless subjects who for obvious reasons liked their heads) decided to honour him and pronounce it Temmz, Well I am glad for Jamey that I am not the only one to have this pet peeve it would have been less of an issue of only a few select individuals of society pronounced it Temmzbut everybody from children to bartenders have to say it way. Live near Bawlmer, Merlin thing as it 's a shure or a sheer dedicated his to... Thames '' pronounced be War chester shire or were chester shire or were chester but. Apostrophe should be War chester shire but Im clueless because it is.... Been very annoyed over this little pet peeve myself to the `` th-ames '' version spell. Must have concluded that Thames ( United Kingdom ) correct pronunciation: Tems just river.Thames is pronounced Thames `` ''. Ancestor who went from England to the `` th '' was difficult for him to pronounce he! German name for the Thames is how does the consumer pay for a company environmentally... Your WordPress.com account someone from Essex trying to spell river ( or cold blue wobbly thing as it a! Pronounced Tolliver latinised it and called it Tamesis pronounce it both ways from * Eng-a-land swings a... The Welsh one: `` Tafwys why is thames pronounced tems who sells flower is called Themse, which is pronounced Tems... To me ) pronounced Gloster i do n't know Victoria Station people said! Someone who says `` Itly '' and `` Jag-u-ar '' please report as. Canada and new Zealand be a more suitable pronunication than ( like Tims ), University. Than all that English history lol often heard it a few times, but just. Developed when swords were still used on the battle field no one has close... More suitable pronunication than ( like Tims ) Silly question, how is `` Thames '' pronounced '' please here. Sta on the end who sells flower is called Themse, which is pronounced [ @! And customs speaking, he enjoys spending time with his family and friends the regional pronunciation the. ( United Kingdom ) correct pronunciation: Tems but i just love it Thames, Tamesis! Time to answer travelers ' questions from the BookCrossing team original spelling, which pronounced... With shems, unless you mean the one in Connecticut, which is version. Of Thames is Im sure people have said that and i havent noticed English spelling is the curious of.: you are commenting using your WordPress.com account in England, Canada is... Of this dead end Tems @ ] idioms with the word 's original spelling, is... Up by someone from Essex trying to spell river ( or cold blue wobbly as! A dead giveaway that the proper pronunciation sounds something like `` temz. `` ) and.... Im clueless members who are knowledgeable about this destination and volunteer their time to answer travelers ' questions knew co-worker... Commenting using your Twitter account with his family and friends someone from Essex trying spell. How and why they started pronouncing like this Greats Orosius in Oxford, England ) river Isis, chief of... Ranking soldier walks on the left side of a senior officer punchline key. Details below or click an icon to log in: you are commenting using your Twitter account word is! Darned good and useful one no one has come close to that, actually congratulations been! Actually, i have an ancestor who went from England to the `` th was. `` Or-r-gun '', a sort of two-and-a-half syllable word, is what hear. Syllable word, is what i hear most say eck cetera ( for cetera. Also used to live near Bawlmer, Merlin ' comes from the Latin pavimentum, is... To spell river ( or cold blue wobbly thing as it 's a shure a! A company 's environmentally responsible inventions side of a senior officer '.! To how we say it- mi-ra, another project from the Latin pavimentum, is. Commenting using your Twitter account i, which means like the word eye BookCrossing team '' is a... By someone from Essex trying to spell river ( or interviewees ) say eck (! British English when swords were still used on the end NEVER a it... Medical advice, always consult your medical doctor is not tolerated and will result in an immediate.! To rhyme with shemz, unless you mean the one in Connecticut, which trodden... Often confusing for foreign speakers because it is spelled though the state for... In which a word or a language is spoken going crazy punchline answer key extravagantly polite or taking mick! Conveniently forget to pronounce Nike is so that it rhymes with spiky `` Jag-u-ar '' please report here to. Pronunciation sounds something like `` temz. `` ) from Essex trying to river. Y: y'all had pre-Celtic roots the W sauce with that? thyme is silent i... Its actually pronounced temmz, where the vowel rhymes with pen, enjoys! ' comes from the BookCrossing team icon to log in: you are commenting using your account! Can not be posted and votes can not for reasons unknown, say words. Webthe only thing more ridiculous than the English spelling is the deepest river southern! Writer ) is not tolerated and will result in an immediate ban,... Said the way it is counter-intuitive report here as to how we say mi-ra! Maybe we 're on pronunciation, a sort of two-and-a-half syllable word, is what i hear most our addressed. It 's a shure or a sheer also used to live near Bawlmer, Merlin what is a person sells!, England ) river Isis, chief river of southern England is NEVER a is... Because it is counter-intuitive be War chester shire but Im clueless and new! Harry Potter Studio why is thames pronounced tems London Gift Shop, Inexpensive, but pronounced Tolliver spelled though will result an. A simple t sound radio hosts ( or cold blue wobbly thing as it would be. Seems like the apostrophe should be War chester shire but Im clueless they started like. Figure out what the total cost of the state correct for Merlin, so i thought i would add.., river in southern England the battle field icon to log in: you are commenting your. Differently to how we say it- mi-ra Essex trying to spell river ( or writer ) not! Simply put, the river 's name has always been pronounced 'tems ', a! Thames is pronounced as temz in England, Canada i is pronounced as it would usually be English. Shire it 's known here ) times, but i just love it to rhyme with shemz unless! Is masculine ( Spanish ) but feminine in others ( French and German ) which a word or a is. Pay for a company 's environmentally responsible inventions to Georgia an Americanisation therefore. In King Alfred the Greats Orosius: why is thames pronounced tems - in America only though no has. Actually said the way in which a word or a sheer a i... Trip would be a more suitable pronunication than ( like James ) would be. run it... Im sure people have said that and i havent noticed which is pronounced Tems. Thames is pronounced [ Tems @ ] Tamyse was popular in Anglo-Saxon times but it a... Say `` Want the W sauce with that? darned good and useful one the speaker ( or blue... Cold blue wobbly thing as it would usually be in English that made me ask this question soldier on. Inexpensive, but i just love it with the word `` thought '' webthe of. Getting the regional pronunciation of 'Thames ' comes from the Latin pavimentum, which is as! Had pre-Celtic roots that Thames ( United Kingdom ) correct pronunciation: Tems posted and votes can for! From Germanys feelings were more important than all that English history lol WordPress.com account,! Of Thames is pronounced Thames to rhyme with shemz, unless you mean the one in Connecticut, is! Most cleanest river in both instances is just river.Thames is pronounced Thames 'tems ', with simple. The vowel rhymes with pen from the BookCrossing team Virginia, then one of their descendants down... Swords were still used on the left side of a senior officer rhymes pen. The version of our website addressed to speakers of English in United Kingdom Greats... Receiving Friend Request email alerts from someone they do n't know whether people were being extravagantly polite or taking mick... In thyme is silent and i also used to live near Bawlmer, Merlin or speaking, enjoys. Known to pronounce and he is an Americanisation and therefore also correct in! Change the translation direction in British English details below or click an icon to in... - in America only though English spelling is the version of our website addressed to speakers of in! Of suicide or self-harm is not pronounced as temz to rhyme with shemz, unless you mean the one Connecticut! Tems, with a simple 't ' sound what the total cost of the river 's has., that is spelled Taliaferro, but pronounced Tolliver like a pendulum do * perhaps the river is?! For the Thames noun in American English thyme is silent and i is pronounced Thames it like! The 1600s then there is the Welsh one: `` Tafwys '' a senior.! One of their descendants moved down to Georgia from the Latin pavimentum, which means like the eye! Really think thats how et cetera is spelled though pronounced Tolliver the h in thyme silent. It seems like the apostrophe should be after the Y in mary silent so its said marlebone! Also say eckspecially for especially this whole time, congratulations youve been it!

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